Vitamin B12, otherwise known as cobalamin, is an essential water-soluble vitamin. That means our bodies cannot produce it and we must get it from diet. It plays a vital role in DNA and red blood cell production and also supports the nervous system. It is typically found in fish, poultry, meats, dairy, eggs, and fortified products. Unfortunately, Vitamin B12 deficiency is still common, particularly among the elderly population. Atrophic gastritis affects 10–30% of older adults, making them unable to absorb the B12 found naturally in foods. Adults with this condition, however, can usually absorb the type of B12 added to fortified foods.
Vegans and strict vegetarians are also at risk of a Vitamin B12 deficiency as so many of the food sources are animal-based. Vitamin B12 deficiency can inhibit DNA synthesis during red blood cell production, which leads to a lower red blood cell count in a condition called megaloblastic anemia. That condition manifests itself a several symptoms that may not occur until years after the a B12 deficiency begins.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms
1. Jaundiced or Pale Skin
B12-deficient people often appear pale or have a subtle yellow tinge to their skin and the white of their eyes, a result of jaundice. Doctors reported what they called an unusual case of a vegan teenager with megaloblastic anemia-induced jaundice whose symptoms were reversed with B12 treatment.
2. Fatigue and Weakness
A lack of B12 can affect your body's ability to produce adequate amounts of red blood cells. Without enough red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout your body, you can feel weak and tired.
3. "Pins and Needles" Sensation
Nerve damage, a more serious side effect, can result from long-term failure to take in B12. This is because B12 plays a crucial role in the production of myelin, a substance that insulates and protects nerves. A common symptom of possible nerve damage due to Vitamin B12 deficiency is having a sensation of "pins and needles".
